The Origin and Evolution of the Paired Animals on Chinese Swords

From Indication of Wealth to Royal Power as a Result of Sino-West Asian Cultural Exchange

Abstract

This article explores the historical evolution of paired animal motifs on Chinese swords, highlighting their transformation from symbols of wealth to emblems of royal power. Originating from Persian textile designs, these motifs entered Chinese culture during the sixth and seventh centuries through Sino-West Asian cultural exchanges. Initially, these motifs reflected exotic tastes and wealth among the Chinese elite. However, with the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, these motifs were recontextualized as symbols of royal authority. The study traces this cultural journey, examining how Persian artistic traditions were adapted and institutionalized within Chinese imperial iconography, particularly during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Through a detailed analysis of swords and textiles, the paper illustrates the continuity and transformation of these motifs, emphasizing their significance in reflecting broader cultural and political shifts in ancient China.