Postmodern Westernization as Religious Polarization

Abstract

This paper explores the relationship between postmodern Westernization and religious polarization, drawing on Jean-François Lyotard's critique of grand narratives and the shifting cultural landscape of the global West. While Westernization initially functioned as an aspirational force driving modernization, it has evolved into a mechanism of cultural and religious reformatting, often tied to colonial ambitions. The imposition of Western religious norms, particularly through missionary efforts, has led to significant global changes in religious identity and practice. In contrast to secularization theory, which predicted a decline in religious influence in modern societies, the postmodern era has seen a polarization of religious engagement. Some individuals have turned away from organized religion, embracing pluralistic or secular beliefs, while others have adopted more extreme religious stances as a reaction to perceived cultural threats. This paper argues that Westernization, facilitated by globalization and technological advancement, has intensified this polarization, reshaping the global religious landscape and leading to a profound reconfiguration of spiritual identity and practice in the postmodern world.