“YouTube Theater,” an Alternative to Professional Theater in Burundi

Testimonials from Ten Amateur Artists

Abstract

Theater is the oldest form of cultural and artistic expression in Burundi. In addition to its traditional form, rooted in orality, and its professional form, which has its roots in classical European theater, a new facet of theater is emerging on social media in the country. Drawing on accepted criteria for theatricality and the testimonies of ten interviewed artists, this article analyzes a collection of ten theater videos published on YouTube between 2012 and 2024 in Burundi. The content analysis indicates that this “YouTube theater” is a collective work that explores Burundian family and social values from a social perspective. Its funding comes from revenue generated by the monetization of streaming channels, contributions from artists, and sponsorships from various companies and organizations. With its stable funding and growing audience, this YouTube theatre is gaining legitimacy through the efforts of a third generation of Burundian theatre artists. It is a form of expression supported by technology, the creativity of the artists, and the appreciation of the audience. This study confirms the social and cultural legitimacy of this theater, which reflects family values in Burundi while helping to promote Burundian culture on an international scale. It also raises questions about the best way to protect works shared on social media and, thereby, to guarantee the rights of creators.