Un análisis de los programas de asistencia para varones que han ejercido violencia de género en la Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (AMBA)
An analysis of programs of assistance for men who have committed gender violence in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33011/cuhj20242819Keywords:
gender violence, masculinity, violence prevention, ArgentinaAbstract
La violencia de género es una forma de opresión que tiene graves consecuencias tanto en Argentina como en el resto del mundo. Históricamente, las iniciativas de prevención en este tema se han centrado en la asistencia destinada a las víctimas de situaciones de violencia, incluyendo apoyo económico y legal. Sin embargo, el hecho de que casi todos los casos de violencia están cometidos por varones ha iniciado una nueva discusión en las últimas décadas sobre los vínculos entre la masculinidad hegemónica y la violencia, junto con estrategias preventivas con el objetivo de acortar el ciclo de violencia a las raíces, principalmente, las socializaciones del patriarcado sobre distintas temáticas de género. Una de esas estrategias es la implementación de los espacios o programas de asistencia para varones que han ejercido violencia. Debido a la novedad relativa de tales iniciativas, no existen muchas investigaciones sobre la efectividad de estos espacios. El presente estudio pretende caracterizar las funciones y los efectos percibidos de varios programas de asistencia en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires desde las perspectivas de cuatro profesionales que están involucrados en estas intervenciones. Se realizaron entrevistas virtuales y se organizaron los datos recogidos en un análisis cualitativo con cinco códigos que abordan los objetivos de investigación.
Los resultados de la investigación indican similitudes en las experiencias de los profesionales que trabajan con varones que han ejercido violencia de género, especialmente con respecto a la estructura de los espacios, la coordinación de los grupos y la implementación de estrategias multidisciplinares. Asimismo, se reportaron algunas diferencias, especialmente, entre las organizaciones gubernamentales y las organizaciones de la sociedad civil, en los temas de financiamiento y acceso a los recursos. Todos los espacios utilizan un abordaje integral que considera los complejos factores que motivan comportamientos y actitudes violentas en todos los niveles de socialización, desde la cultura y las comunidades hasta las historias de vida de un individuo. A través de una variedad de métodos y actividades, los profesionales facilitan un intercambio entre los participantes para trabajar y sensibilizar temas de género como la identidad masculina, las relaciones interpersonales y la regulación de las emociones en situaciones de conflicto. Aunque ha habido mucho progreso en el fortalecimiento de los espacios que trabajan con varones que ejercen violencia, todavía los equipos enfrentan desafíos con el acceso a recursos económicos y humanos y la promoción del trabajo para aumentar la visibilización del público. Podemos concluir que a pesar de esas limitaciones los programas de asistencia son un aspecto muy importante en la prevención de violencia de género, por su capacidad única de abordar las complejidades de violencia de manera transdisciplinaria y multidimensional para reducir los comportamientos y actitudes agresivos en varones y acortar el ciclo de violencia desde la raíz.
Gender-based violence is a form of oppression that has profound consequences, both in Argentina and around the world. Historically, prevention initiatives in this area have focused on assistance for victims of gender violence, including economic and legal support. However, the fact that almost all cases of violence are committed by men has sparked new discussions in recent decades regarding the links between hegemonic masculinity and violence, along with preventive strategies aimed at addressing the root causes, including the socializations of patriarchy on various gender-related issues. One such strategy is the implementation of assistance programs for men who have perpetrated violence. Due to the relative novelty of such initiatives, there are few previous studies on the effectiveness of these spaces. This study aims to characterize the functions and perceived effects of various assistance programs in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires from the perspectives of four professionals directly involved in the interventions. Virtual interviews were conducted and the collected data was organized into a qualitative analysis with five emerging themes that address the research objectives.
The results of this study indicate similarities in the experiences of professionals working with men who have perpetrated gender-based violence, especially regarding the structure of the spaces, coordination of the groups, and the implementation of multidisciplinary strategies. Some differences were also reported, particularly between governmental organizations and civil society organizations, regarding funding and access to resources. All spaces use a comprehensive approach that considers the complex factors that motivate violent behaviors and attitudes at all levels of socialization, from a macro perspective of culture and communities to the micro level of an individual's life experiences. Through a variety of methods and activities, professionals facilitate an exchange among participants to work on and raise awareness of gender-related issues such as male identity, interpersonal relationships, and the regulation of emotions in conflict situations. Although progress has been made in strengthening such spaces that work with men who commit gender violence, teams still face challenges with access to economic and human resources and promotion of the work to increase public visibility. The study concludes that despite these limitations, assistance programs for men are a crucial aspect of gender-based violence prevention, given their unique ability to address the complexities of violence in a transdisciplinary and multidimensional manner to reduce aggressive behaviors and attitudes in men and break the cycle of violence at its roots.
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11-August-2014